Implementation of DEEC Protocol Using Optimization Technique in Wireless Sensor Technology

Wireless sensor networks are employed in several applications like military, medical, household and environmental. In these applications energy factor is the determining factor in the performance of wireless sensor networks. In wireless sensor network, clustering is used as an effective technique to achieve scalability, self-organization, power saving, channel access, routing etc. Lifetime of sensor nodes determines the lifetime of the network and is crucial for the sensing capability. Clustering is the key technique used to extend the lifetime of a sensor network and also reduce energy consumption etc,. Energy-efficient clustering protocols should be designed for the characteristic of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks[1]. DEEC which is named as distributed energy efficient clustering protocol is selected as clustering protocol[1]. In DEEC, the cluster heads are elected by a probability based on the ratio between residual energy of each node and the average energy of the network. Since in DEEC, the lifetime of sensors as well as network degrades very quickly. Hence in order to increase the network lifetime a new algorithm is proposed. This technique balances the cluster by using some backup nodes. The backup high energy and high processing power nodes replace the cluster head after the cluster reaches to its threshold limit. This approach will increase the network lifetime and will provide high throughput

Token Bucket Algorithm with Modernization Techniques to Avoid Congestion in DEC Protocol of Wsn

A wireless sensor system is an essential aspect in many fields. It consists of a great deal of sensor nodes. These sensor networks carry out a number of tasks, including interaction, distribution, recognition, and power supply. Data is transmitted from source to destination and plays an important role. Congestion may occur during data transmission from one node to another and also at cluster head locations. Congestion will arise as a result of either traffic division or resource allocation. Energy will be wasted due to traffic division congestion, which causes packet loss and retransmission of removed packets. As a result, it must be simplified; hence there are a few Wireless sensor networks with various protocols that will handle Congestion Control. The Deterministic Energy Efficient Clustering (DEC) protocol, which is fully based on residual energy and the token bucket method, is being investigated as a way to increase the energy efficiency. In the event of congestion, our proposal provides a way to cope with it and solves it using this method to improve lifespan of the sensor networks. Experiments in simulation show that the proposed strategy can significantly enhance lifetime, energy, throughput, and packet loss

Congestion Detection and Mitigation Technique for Multi-Hop Communication in WSN

The primary function of a network system is to gather information from the observation region and transmit it to the base station. The network life span and congestion are the two major concerns in wireless networks. To enhance the lifespan of the sensor system; multi-hopping has been proved as best in class. Congestion is an important factor to be taken, where multiple nodes forward data to one another in the process of communication. Hence to overcome the issue of congestion in WSN, we proposed a congestion detection and mitigation method along with the multi-hop concept. In this technique, we have considered different routes among communication units that were classified on distance, relative attainment rate (RAR) and node storage occupancy. A utility function (U) has been proposed and calculated using the above illustrated factors for every node that acts as a neighbour to the transmitting node. Neighbour node with highest U-valued will be considered as the packet forwarding node's next hop. In this manner congestion free nodes are selected for data transmission

Fibonacci Multichaos Algorithm for Medical Image Encryption for Transmission Through Wavelet Transform Based OFDM System and Its VLSI Realization

At every stage of the digital media transfer, storage, and retrieval process, sensitive images are rendered indecipherable through the use of image encryption. Germany's hospitals have relied on image encryption for years to keep patient data from being accessed by the IT personnel, stolen or left recorded into the network system that could be compromised remotely. In order to encrypt a file manually, the process is extremely time- and effort-consuming. Automating this process while retaining high security is desirable. In this research, we present an approach for encrypting medical images that combines scientific computing with cryptography. This algorithm uses the Fibonacci Multi Chaos Algorithm to encrypt medical images, making them more secure. Distinct wavelet transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is used to convey picture data in this work, which is a reliable and secure method